California's Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards affect HVAC installations. Here is what homeowners need to know.
What Is Title 24?
Title 24 refers to California's energy code within the Building Standards Code. Part 6 specifically addresses energy efficiency requirements for buildings, including HVAC systems.
The code sets minimum efficiency levels and installation requirements. It applies to new construction and many existing home modifications.
When Title 24 Applies
Title 24 typically applies when: - Installing new HVAC equipment - Replacing existing equipment - Adding capacity (larger system) - Major modifications to duct systems - New construction or additions
Permit requirements trigger Title 24 compliance. Work without permits may avoid immediate compliance but creates problems for future sales or inspections.
Key HVAC Requirements
Equipment efficiency: Minimum SEER, HSPF, and AFUE ratings often exceed federal minimums. California requirements may require higher efficiency than what is sold nationally.
Duct sealing: Ducts in unconditioned spaces must be sealed and tested. New systems often require duct leakage testing.
System sizing: Proper load calculations (Manual J) are required. Oversized systems do not comply.
Thermostat requirements: Programmable thermostats meeting specific requirements are typically required.
HERS testing: Many installations require testing by a Home Energy Rating System (HERS) rater to verify compliance.
Climate Zone Considerations
California has 16 climate zones with different requirements. The Bay Area includes multiple zones: - Zone 3: Coastal areas including San Francisco - Zone 4: Includes parts of the East Bay - Zone 12: Parts of the South Bay and inland areas
Requirements vary by zone, affecting equipment choices and compliance pathways.
Compliance Documentation
Proper installation includes: - CF-1R certificate of compliance - CF-2R installation certificates - HERS testing if required - Permit inspection
Keep all documentation. You may need it for future sales, refinancing, or additional permits.
Cost Implications
Title 24 compliance can increase project costs through: - Higher efficiency equipment requirements - Duct sealing and testing - HERS rater fees - Documentation requirements
However, the more efficient systems reduce operating costs over time, often offsetting higher initial costs.
Working with Contractors
Choose contractors who: - Understand current Title 24 requirements - Include compliance in their quotes - Handle permitting and documentation - Work with qualified HERS raters
Beware contractors who offer to work without permits to avoid compliance. This creates liability and problems for future sales.
DIY Work
Homeowners can perform some HVAC work themselves in California. However: - Permits are still required for replacements - You must meet all code requirements - HERS testing still applies - Improper work creates liability
Most homeowners find that professional installation is more practical for code-compliant work.
Staying Current
Title 24 is updated every three years. Requirements that applied to your last installation may have changed. Work with contractors current on the latest code cycle.